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CALLAGHAN v. MYERS

Jurisdiction: U.S. Supreme Court
Decision date: Monday, 17 December 1888

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PACIFIC MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO. v. HASLIP

Jurisdiction: U.S. Supreme Court
Decision date: Monday, 4 March 1991

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FEIST PUBLICATIONS, INC. v. RURAL TEL. SERVICE CO.

Jurisdiction: U.S. Supreme Court
Decision date: Wednesday, 27 March 1991

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MILLER v. UNIVERSAL CITY STUDIOS

Jurisdiction: Fifth Circuit
Decision date: Thursday, 23 July 1981

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WARNER BROS. v. AMERICAN BROADCASTING COMPANIES

Affirmed by 530 F. Supp. 1187

Jurisdiction: Second Circuit
Decision date: Thursday, 6 October 1983

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LANDSBERG v. SCRABBLE CROSSWORD GAME PLAYERS

Certiorari denied by 105 S.Ct. 513
Certiorari denied by 469 U.S. 1037

Jurisdiction: Ninth Circuit
Decision date: Monday, 5 March 1984

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SOUTHERN BELL TEL. v. ASSOC. TELEPHONE DIR.

Jurisdiction: Eleventh Circuit
Decision date: Friday, 29 March 1985

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COOLING SYSTEMS AND FLEXIBLES v. STUART RADIATOR

Jurisdiction: Ninth Circuit
Decision date: Wednesday, 27 November 1985

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TORO CO. v. R

Jurisdiction: Eighth Circuit
Decision date: Friday, 28 March 1986

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EDUCATIONAL TESTING SERVICES v. KATZMAN

Jurisdiction: Third Circuit
Decision date: Friday, 20 June 1986

empty empty empty empty empty (66) visits
KERN RIVER GAS TRANSMISSION CO. v. COASTAL CORP.

Certiorari denied by 111 S.Ct. 374
Certiorari denied by 498 U.S. 952

Jurisdiction: Fifth Circuit
Decision date: Tuesday, 8 May 1990

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Tony AVIRGAN and Martha Honey v. John HULL

Certiorari denied by 112 S.Ct. 913

Jurisdiction: Eleventh Circuit
Decision date: Tuesday, 18 June 1991

empty empty empty empty empty (60) visits
Georgia v. Georgia R.R. Bank

Vacated by 977 F.2d 1435

Jurisdiction: Eleventh Circuit
Decision date: Tuesday, 18 June 1991

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VICTOR LALLI ENTERPRISES v. BIG RED APPLE

Jurisdiction: Second Circuit
Decision date: Thursday, 13 June 1991

empty empty empty empty empty (142) visits
SEM-TORQ v. K MART CORP.

Jurisdiction: Sixth Circuit
Decision date: Monday, 17 June 1991

empty empty empty empty empty (55) visits
KREGOS v. ASSOCIATED PRESS

Jurisdiction: Second Circuit
Decision date: Tuesday, 11 June 1991

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U.S. v. FOUR PARCELS OF REAL PROPERTY

Jurisdiction: Eleventh Circuit
Decision date: Thursday, 29 August 1991

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KEY PUBLICATIONS v. CHINATOWN TODAY PUB. ENT.

Jurisdiction: Second Circuit
Decision date: Monday, 23 September 1991

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BELLSOUTH ADVERTISING v. DONNELLY INF. PUB.

Jurisdiction: Eleventh Circuit
Decision date: Wednesday, 4 November 1992

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Citation: 999 F.2d 1436 empty empty empty empty empty
Neutral citation: 1993 US App (11th) 344 0 votes
Legal status: Precedential 235 visits
Jurisdiction: Eleventh Circuit
Decision date: Thursday, 2 September 1993
Tags related to the opinion:  no Tags
Citation: list of in going and out going citations to the present case
Citator: list of judicial treatments of the present case

Page 1, 999 F.2d 1436, 1436

BELLSOUTH ADVERTISING & PUBLISHING CORPORATION, PlaintiffCounterclaim Defendant-Appellee,

DONNELLEY INFORMATION PUBLISHING, INC. and The Reuben H. Donnelley Corp., Defendants-Counterclaim Plaintiffs-Appellants,

BellSouth Corporation, et al., Counterclaim Defendants.

No. 89-5131.

United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit.

Sept. 2, 1993. v.

Page 2, 999 F.2d 1436, 1437

ritpas999 F.2rf 14Sfi rilthCir. 1993}

Page 3, 999 F.2d 1436, 1438



Douglas C. Broeker, Fowler, White, Burnett, Hurley, Banick & Strickroot, P.A., Miami, FL, David L. Foster, Theodore Case Whitehouse, Francis J. Mcnton, Jr., Willkic, Fair & Gallagher, Baila H. Celedonia, Roger L. Zissu, Cowan, Liebowitz & Latman, P.C., New York City, for appellants.

Robert Richards, Anthony B. Askew, Jones, Askew & Lunsford, Atlanta, GA, for Bellsouth Advertising.

John K. Roedel, Jr., Senniger, Powers, Lcavitt & Roedel, St. Louis, MO, for amicus ANADP.

Robert E. Marsh, Blackwell, Sanders, Matheny, Weary & Lombardi, Kansas City, MO, for amicus'US WEST.

Robert Alan Garrett, Arnold & Porter, Washington, DC, for amicus Bell Atlantic.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida.

Before TJOFLAT, Chief Judge, PAY, HATCHETT, EDMONDSON, BIRCH, BLACK and CARNES, Circuit Judges Footnote * .

BIRCH, Circuit Judge:

I. INTRODUCTION

In this appeal, we must decide whether acts of copying infringed the compilation copyright registered in a "yellow pages" classified business directory. The parties have stipulated that the directory, which is a typical yellow pages directory, qualifies for compilation copyright protection. Thus, we are called upon to apply Feint Publications, Inc. v. Rural Tel. Sen. Co.,  499 U.S. 340, 111 S.Ct. 1282, 113 L.Ed.2d 358 (1991), which addressed copyright protection for a "white pages" telephone directory, to resolve the infringement claims presented to us concerning a directory of a different color.

The pivotal issue in this case is whether that which was copied by the alleged infringer was protected by the registered claim of compilation copyright. The parties agree that the only elements of a work entitled to compilation copyright protection are the selection, arrangement or coordination as they appear in the work as a whole. The parties dispute what elements of a classified directory constitute such selection, arrangement or coordination. Mindful that the protection afforded to a whole work by a compilation : copyright is "thin," the determination as to whether an infringement of a compilation copyright has occurred is particularly difficult where less than the entire work is copied.

IT. BACKGROUND

BellSouth Advertising & Publishing Corporation ("BAPCO") is a wholly owned subsidiary of BellSouth Corporation ("BellSouth") created for the purpose of preparing, publishing and distributing telephone directories. Using telephone listing information supplied by Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Company ("Southern Bell"), another wholly owned subsidiary of BellSouth, BAPCO publishes a classified, "yellow pages," advertising directory for the Greater Miami area. The BAPCO directory is organized into an alphabetical list of business classifications. Each business-rate telephone seivice subscriber is listed in alphabetical order under one appropriate heading without charge. A subscriber may purchase cross listings under different business classifications or advertisements to appear along with its business listing.

After BAPCO published its 1984 directory for the Greater Miami area, Donnelley Information Publishing, Inc. and Reuben H. Donnelley Corp. (collectively "Donnelley") began promoting and selling classified advertisements to be placed in a competitive classified directory for the Greater Miami area. To

____________________

[Footnote *]

* Honorable Phyllis A. Kravilch, Honorable R Lanier Anderson, lit, Honorable Timmett Ripley Cox and Honorable Joel F. Dubina did not participate in this decision.

[Footnote 1]

1. Feist, 499 U.S. at

[Footnote 2]

-----2. 111 S.Ct. at 1289.

Page 4, 999 F.2d 1436, 1439

generate a list of business telephone subscribers to be solicited for placement in its directory, Donnelley gave copies of BAPCO's directory to Appalachian Computer Services, Inc. ("ACS"),: a data entry company. Dqnnelley first marked each listing in the BAPCO directory With one alphanumeric code indicating the size and type of advertisement purchased by the subscriberFootnote 2 and a similar code indicating the. type of business represented by the BAPCO heading under which the listing appeared. For each listing appearing in the BAPCO directory, ACS created a computer data, base containing the name, address,, and telephone number of the subscriber .as. Well as the codes corresponding to business type and unit of advertisingFrom this data base, Donnelley printed sales lead sheets, listing this information for each subscriber, to be used to contact business telephone subscribers to sell advertisements antl listings in the Donnelley directory. Relying on this, information copied from the BAPCO directory, Donnelley ultimately prepared its own competitive directory, for the Greater Miami area.

BAPCO sued Donnelley for alleged copyright infringement^ trademark infringement, and unfair competition. After the district court denied BAPCO's motion fpr^ preliminary injunction, Donnelley answered and counterclaimed against BAPCO, Southern Bell and BellSouth, for alleged violations of federal antitrust law. On the copyright infringement claim, the district court granted summary judgment to BAPCO and denied Donnelley's motion seeking partial summary judgment in its favor, Footnote 4

BellSouth Advertising & Publishing Corp. v. Donnelly Info. Publishing, Inc., 719 F.Supp. 1551 (S.D.Fla. 1988). ; : The district court found, and Donnelley admitted, that BAPCO owned a valid compilation copyright in its, classified directory. Donnelley stipulated that, in preparing its data base and sales lead sheets, it obtained from each listing in the BAPCO directory, the telephone number, name, address, kind of business, and unit of advertising for the listed subscriber. As further evidence of copying, the district court relied on affidavits and deposition testimony from Donnelley's representatives and the presence of a number of erroneous listings eomrnon to the BAPCO and Donnelley directories. From the process by which Donnelley prepared its competitive yellow pages directory, the district court identified three acts of copying: (1) the entry of subscriber information into the computer data base by ACS; (2) the printout of sales lead sheets from this data base; and (3) the publication of Donnelley's directory. Based on these acts of copying, the court granted BAPCO's motion for summary judgment on its copyright infringement claims. Footnote 5

Donnelley appealed the district court's resolution of the parties' motions on the copyright claim. Footnote 6

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[Footnote 2]

2. The code corresponding to the type of advertising appearing in the BAPCO directory indicated onlythe.unit of advertising purchased. Donnelley did not record/nor was alleged to have recorded, information regarding the graphic appearance or page location of the advertising:material, nor did it copy facts concerning individual businesses, such as product lines, services; hours of operation, contained in the advertisements themselves.

[Footnote 3]

3. BAPCO registered, its"' claim of copyright (attached to this opinion as Appendix A) for the "entire text and compilation" of both volumes of its 1984 Miami yellow pages directory. Rl-1Ex. D. It was upon this, registration that BAPCO iriitiated its action for infringement, See 17 U.S.C. § 411(a) ("[N]b action for infringement of the copyright in any work shall be instituted until registration of the copyright claim has been made in accordance with this title.").

[Footnote 4]

4. The district court granted BAPCO's motion for summary judgment oh Donnelley's antitrust counterclaim, but denied BellSouth and South. ern Bell's motion for summary judgment on the antitrust counterclaim. The only issue presented by this appeal is the district court's resolution of the copyright infringement claims.

[Footnote 5]

5. In granting summary judgment in favor of BAPCO, the, district court rejected Donnelley's fair use and antitrust, or misuse of copyright,

[Footnote 6]

6. ::''-¦ affirmative defenses as a matter of law. Because we hold that summary judgment should, have been granted in favor of Donnelley on BAPCO's copyright claim, we do not reach the issue of whether Donnelley's defenses were properly rejected on summary judgment.

[Footnote 6]

6. The judgment of the district court was affirmed by a panel of this court, but was subsequently vacated by a grant of rehearing en bane. Bellsouth Adv. & Pub. Corp. v. Donnelley Info. Pub., Inc.,  933 F.2d 952 (11th Cir.1991), vacated and reh'g en bane granted, 977 F.2d, 1435 (11th Cir. 1992).

Page 5, 999 F.2d 1436, 1440

III, DISCUSSION A. Feist Publications arid the Requirement of Originality : In Feist Publications, the Supreme Court clarified the scope of copyright protection afforded to factual compilations. Rural Telephone Service Company ("Rural") claimed that Feist Publications, Inc. ("Feist") infringed Rural's copyright by using names and telephone number listings from Rural's white pages directory to compile its own white pages directory. Observing the inherent tension between the axiom of copyright law that facts are not copyrightable Footnote 7 principle that compilations of fact generally are copyrightable, the Court identified those components of a factual compilation that may receive copyright protection under certain circumstances. 499 U.S. at ', 111 S.Ct. at 1287 The Court stressed that "[t]he sine qua non of copyright is originality." '', 1X1 S.Ct. at 1287. Footnote 8

alone or as a part of a compilation, are not original and therefore may not be copyrighted." 49,9 U.S. at 'y.lirS.'t. at 1290.

Drawing upon the requirement of originality and the definition of "compilation" in the.

Copyright Act, Footnote 9 the Court held that a compiler's selection, arrangement and coordination,, if original, are the only protectable elements of a factual compilation. 499 U.S. at '-,, 111 S.Ct. at 1289. Footnote 10

Applying the requirement of originality to the directory compiled by Rural, the Court noted that the listings, consisting of subscribers' names, towns of residence, and telephone numbers,, were uncopyrightable facts. Further, the selection, coordination, and arrangement of Rural's white pages were not sufficiently original to merit copyright protection. . "Rural's selection of listings could not be more obvious: it publishes the most basic information'name, town, and telephone number'about each person who applies to it for telephone service." 499 U.S. at '-Ill S.Ct. at 1296. Rural failed to establish any original elements of coordination or arrangement: "there is nothing re-. and the motely creative about arranging names alphabetically in a white pages directory. It is an age-old practice, firmly rooted in tradition and so commonplace that it has come to beexpected as a matter of eourse." 499 U.S. at '-, 111 S.Ct. at 1297. In short, "Rural " i.: ' ' ¦' expended sufficient effort to make the white 499 U.S. at pages directory useful, but insufficient crea: "Facts, whether tivity to make it original." 499 U.S. at -', : in s.ct: at 1296. ¦ ;

B. BAPCO's Claim of Infringement

To establish its claim of copyright infringement, BAPCO must prove "(1) ownership of a valid copyright, and (2) copying of constituent elements of the work that are original." 499 U.S. at '-, 111 S.Ct. at 1296. The. . : validity of BAPCO's copyright in its directory, considered as a whole, was conceded by Donnelley. Footnote 11

To demonstrate the second ele-

____________________

[Footnote 7]

7. See 17 U.S.C. § 102(b).

[Footnote 8]

8. Moreover, "[o]riginality is a constitutional requirement" for copyright protection implicit in the grant of power to Congress to "secur[e] for limited Times to Authors ... the exclusive Right to their respective Writings." Feist, 499 U.S. at -----,111 S.Ct. at 1288 (quoting U.S. Const, art. I, § 8, cl: 8).

[Footnote 9]

9. Section 101 of the Copyright Act of 1976 defines a compilation as "a work formed by the collection arid assembling of preexisting materials or of data that are selected, coordinated, or arranged in such a way that the resulting work as a whole constitutes an original work of authorship," 17 U.S.C. § 101.

[Footnote 10]

10. In confirming originality as the focus of copyright protection, the Court rejected an alternative theory to justify the protection of factual compilations. Relying upon a doctrine known alternatively as "sweat of the brow" or "industrious collection," some courts had extended copyright protection to every element of a factual compilation based on the labor expended by the author in compiling the constituent facts. By extending copyright protection in a compilation beyond the author's original selection, arrangement, and coordination, this line of cases "eschewed the most fundamental axiom of copyright law'that no one may copyright facts or ideas." 499 U.S.

[Footnote 11]

11. 'at'-, 111 S.Ct. at 1291. .

[Footnote 11]

11. Because, of the parties' concession, We do not consider whether BAPCO's yellow pages directory, taken as a whole, is copyrightable.

Page 6, 999 F.2d 1436, 1441

ment of infringement, BAPCO must prove that Donnelley, by taking the material it copied from the BAPCO directory, appropriated BAPCO's original selection, coordination or arrangement.

The district court found that BAPCO .engaged in a number of acts of selection in compiling its listings. For example, BAPCO determined the geographic scope of its directory and the closing date after which no changes in listings would be included. BellSouth, 719 F.Supp. at 1557-58. , The district court erred, however, in implicitly determining that these selective acts were sufficiently original to merit copyright protection. Rural obviously established a geographic scope and a closing date forits white pages, which were held uncopyrightable as a matter of law, in Feist. The district court's analysis would protect such factual elements of every compilation; any collection of facts "fixed in any tangible medium of expression" Footnote 12 cessity have a closing date and, where applicable, a geographic limit selected by the compiler. The district court found that BAPCO "selected" its listings by requiring its yellow pages subscribers to use a business telephone service. Id at 1557. The district court also focused on a number of marketing techniques employed by BAPCO to generate its listings, such as the determination of the number of free listings offered to each subscriber, the selection of which Customers to contact by an on-premise visit from sales personnel, the selection of the date of commencement of its advertisement sales campaign, and the procedure used to recommend the purchase of listings under multiple headings. Id. at 1557. The district court again failed to consider whether these "acts of selection" met .the level of originality required to extend the protection of copyright to BAPCO's selection.

More fundamental, these'acts are not acts of authorship, but techniques for the discovery of facts. In Feist, the Court emphasized the distinction "between creation and discovery: the first person to find and report a particular fact has not created the fact; he or she has merely discovered its existence." 499 U.S. at ------, 111 S.Ct. at 1288. By employing its sales strategies, BAPCO discovered that certain subscribers describe their businesses in a particular fashion and were willing to pay for a certain number of listings under certain available business descriptions.. To be sure, BAPCO employed a set of strategies, or techniques for discovering this data. Any useful collection of facts, however, will be structured by a number of decisions regarding the optimal manner in which to collect the pertinent data in the most efficient and accurate manner. If; this were sufficient, then the protection of copyright would extend to census data, cited in Feist as a paradigmatic example of a work that lacks the requisite originality. 499 U.S. will by neat-------,111 S.Ct. at 1288. Just as the Cppyright Act does not protect "industrious collection," it affords no shelter to the resourceful, efficient, or creative collector. See Miller v. Universal City Studios, Inc.,  650 F.2d 1365, 1372 (5th Cir. July 1981) ("The valuable distinction in copyright law between facts and the expression of, facts, cannot be maintained if research is held to be copy- = rightable."). The protection of copyright must inhere in a creatively original selection of facts to be reported artd'not in the Creative means used to discover those, facts. See 17, U.S.C. § 102(b) ("In no case.does copyright protection ... extend to any idea, procedure, process, system, method of Operation, concept, principle, or discovery, regardless of the form in which it is described, explained, illustrated, or embodied in such work."). Ultimately, the district court erred by extending copyright protection^ the collection of facts in the BAPCO directory based on the uncopyrightable formative acts used to generate those listings.

____________________

[Footnote 12]

12. 17 U.S.C. § 102(a).

Page 7, 999 F.2d 1436, 1442

In addition to these acts of selection, the district court found that BAPCO engaged, in feats of coordination and arrangement to generate its yellow pages directory. The court explains that BAPCO arranged its directory in an alphabetized list of business types, with individual businesses listed in alphabetical order under the applicable headings. The Copyright Act protects "original works of authorship." 17 U.S.C. § 102(a). BAPCO's arrangement and coordination is "entirely typical" for a business directory. Feist, 499 U.S. at -----With respect to business telephone directories, such an arrangement "is not only unoriginal, it is practically inevitable." 499 U.S. at ------, 111 S.Ct at 1297.

13. While the listings in BAPCO's yellow pages required somewhat more organization and arrangement than the white pages directory Considered in Feist, BAPCO's claim of "originality',' must be resolved by comparison to other business telephone directories. BAPCO did not devi, ate from the arrangement of the typical business directory, which employs an alphabetical list of headings to describe the various types of business and then alphabetizes the listings under the appropriate headings Applying Feist, the Second Circuit declined to extend copyright protection to the selection arid arrangement of certain charts displaying the results of horse racing. Victor Lalli Enters, v. Big Red Apple, Inc.,  936 F.2d 671, 673-74 (2d Cir. 1991). "The format of the charts is a convention: Lalli exercises neither selectivity iri what he reports nor creativity in how he reports it." Id. at* 673. Similarly, the Ninth Circuit rejected a claim that two automobile catalogs listing replacement radiators and associated parts were substantially similar. Cooling Sys. & Flexibles, Inc. v. Stuart Radiator, 111 F.2d 485, 491 (9th Cir. 1985). Although both works were arranged into three sections (an illustrations section, an original equipment manufacturer section, and an applications section), the court found that this arrangement was obligatory for a useful radiator parts catalog. "[T]he fewer the methods of expressing an idea, the more the allegedly infringing work must resemble the copyrighted work in order to establish substantial similarity." Id. A subsequent collector is not required to arrange its, compilation in a fashion not usable by those for whom it is intended. Id. at 492. The format of a typical business telephone directory is even more obvious and well established than the radiator catalogs at issue in Cooling Systems. BAPCO's claim of copyright in the arrangement of its directory also does not survive application of the "merger" doctrine. Under the merger doctrine, "expression is not protected in those instances where there is only one or so few ways of expressing an idea that protection of the expression would effectively accord protection to the idea itself." Kregos v. Associated Press,  937 F.2d 700, 705 (2d Cir.1991); 14 see also Baker v. Selden, 101 U.S. (11 Otto) 99, 25 L.Ed; 841 (1879). Because this is the one way to con,111 S.Ct. at 1296.

13 struct a useful business directory, the arrangement has "merged" with the idea of a business directory, and thus is uncopyrightable.

15

14.

See Kem River Gas Transmission Co, v. Coastal Corp.,  899 F.2d 1458, 1463-64 (5th Cir.) (applying merger doctrine where idea of locating pipeline along certain route was inseparable from expression of the route on a topographical map), cert, denied, 498 U.S. 952, 111 S.Ct. 374, 112 L.Ed.2d 336 (1990); see also Educational testing Services v. Katzman,  793 F.2d 533, 539 (3d Cir. 1986); Tom Co. v..'R & R Products Co.,  787 F.2d 1208, 1212 (8th Cir.1986).,

15.

In Matthew Bender & Co. v. Kluwer Law Book Publishers, Inc., 672 F.Supp. 107 (S.D.N.Y.1987), the court considered the application of the merger doctrine to a claim of copyright in a system of charts displaying information regarding the amount of recovery in previous personal injury cases. Both the plaintiff's work and that of the alleged infringer divided the cases into chapters corresponding to the part of the body injured and further divided the cases within each chapter based on whether the recovery was a result of a settlement, or an "adequate," "inadequate," or "excessive" award. 672 F.Supp. at 108. Each work listed the cases according to forum state, arranging awards from the same state from largest to smallest amount. In both collections, information regarding each Case was organized into categories for amount, case name, plaintiff, event, injury, and further relevant data. The court rejected the plaintiff's claim of copyright, concluding that the plaintiff's work employed one of the few practical and useful means of organizing data regarding personal injury awards. The idea and the expression of such a work thus "merged." Id. at 109-10. Further, the information selected for display about each case was obvious and did not demonstrate the original selection, arrangement or coordination

Page 8, 999 F.2d 1436, 1443

The district court's suggestion that BAPCO could have arranged its headings according to the number of advertisers Or to list its subscribers under each heading according to the length of time for which that subscriber had appeared under that heading misapprehends the question. The relevant inquiry is not whether there is some imaginable, although manifestly less useful, method of arranging business telephone listings. In Feist, Rural could have published multiple directories for its service area or listed its numbers in numerical order, by age,: or by neighborhood within a single directory. The pertinent inquiry is whether the compiler has demonstrated originality, the "sine qua non " of copyright, in its arrangement or coordination. The arrangement of BAPCO's yellow pages, like that of Rural's white pages is "entirely typical" of its respective type.

The district court also identified acts of coordination and arrangement in the particular system of headings used in the BAPCO directory. The district court appears to find that, when Donnelley entered the listing information from the BAPCO directory, it also copied the particular heading under: which that listing appeared in the BAPCO directory. 719 F.Supp. at 1558-59. Footnote 16

BAPCO, however, failed to introduce evidence sufficient, to establish a genuine dis' pute of material fact as to whether Donnelley copied the particular heading structure employed by BAPCO. ¦ Donnelley, stipulated that it obtained the "business type" for each listing from the BAPCO directory. Rl-8. The evidence submitted to the district court in the form of affidavit, deposition, and witness testimony reveals that Donnelley established its own system of headings and that, in constructing its data base, Donnelley entered an alphanumeric code that corresponded to the Donnelley heading with each BAPCO listing. 5SR2, at 183-85; 1SR-434, at 76-77, 143-44; 1SR-435, at 253-54 and Ex. 278; Deposition of John Notestein, at 10, 12, 1415, 22. Further, the sales lead sheets generated by Donnelley from its database, as well as pages of the respective directories submitted to the district court, illustrate that Donnelley .selected a somewhat different category of headings to describe the listings originally appearing in the BAPCO directory. Footnote 17

Considering the extent to which the heading structure of a classified business directory is dictated by functional .considerations and common industry practice, the differences apparent in the glossary of headings employed by Donnelley are sufficient to rebut any inference of copying that otherwise might be drawn from those terms that are ¦;¦ common to both directories. Footnote 18

In sum, the evidence before the district court requires

____________________

[Footnote 12]

required for copyright protection. Id. at 112; see also Coates-Freeman Assocs., Inc. v. Polaroid Corp., 192 F.Supp. 879, 883-84 (D.Mass.1992) (Placement of decisionmaking steps on chart purporting to categorize leadership styles was not a copyrightable feature where selection of those particular steps out of a universe of very limited options resulted in merger of any creativity into the basic idea of the chart).

[Footnote 16]

16. Significantly, BAPCO registered no claim of copyright in the glossary of terms used to describe the types of businesses represented by its listings. BAPCO claims that Donnelley infringed its putative copyright in its directory, (the only claim of copyright before the court) by somehow copying the directory onto the sales lead sheets (Appendix B). This argument, exemplifies die fundamental misconception of the nature and scope of a compilation copyright. A comparison of the Donnelley sales lead sheets and the BAPCO directory pages (Appendix C) manifests no substantial similarity as to those copyrightable elements of a compilation. The dissent continues to confuse and merge the copying of uncopy? rightable data with the replication of the copyrightable elements of a compilation. '' ;¦

[Footnote 17]

17. Despite the dissent's belief to the contrary, our opinion is based on the evidence that was before the district court, including a number of sales lead sheets (Appendix B) and pages from both directories (Appendix C).

[Footnote 18]

18. Where the form of expression is largely prescribed by functional constraints, the similarity of expression in a subsequent work must be very close in order to establish infringement. ' "Factual works are different [from works of fiction]. Subsequent authors wishing to express the ideas contained in, a factualwork often can choose from only a narrow range of expression.... Therefore, similarity of expression may have to amount to verbatim reproduction or very close paraphrasing before a factual work will be deemed infringed." Landsbefg v. Scrabble Crossword Game Players, Inc.,  736 F.2d 485, 488 (9th Cir.1984).

Page 9, 999 F.2d 1436, 1444

the conclusion' that, by determining the type of business of: each, subscriber by observation of the BAPCO directory and translating that business type into an encoded heading of its own creation, Donnelley extracted uncopyrightable information regarding the business activities of BAPCO's subscribers without appropriating any arguably original, protectable expressive element in the BAPCO glossary of headings.

Additionally, BAPCO failed to present evidence that, even if copied, its heading structure constitutes original expression warranting copyright protection. Initially, many of the selected headings, for example "Attorneys" or "Banks," represent such an obvious label for the entities appearing under these headings as to lack the requisite originality for copyright protection. Footnote 19

BAPCO can claim no copyright in the idea of dividing churches by denomination or attorneys by area of specialty. Further, any expressive act in including a category such as "Banks" or in dividing "Attorneys" into categories such as "Bankruptcy" or "Criminal Law" would lose copyright protection because it would merge with the idea of listing such entities as a class of businesses in a business directory. Footnote 20

The evidence submitted by Donnelley also establishes that many of BAPCO's headings result from certain standard industry practices, such as the recommendations of the National Yellow Pages Sales Association, with regard to the selection and phrasing of headings in business directories. Finally,-as established by the testimony of BAPCO's representatives, the ultimate appearance of a particular subscriber under a certain heading is determined by the subscriber's willingness to purchase those listings in the BAPCO directory. While BAPCO may select the headings that are offered to the subscriber, it is the subscriber who selects from those alternatives the headings under which the subscriber will appear in the copyrighted directory. The headings that actually appear in the directory thus, do not owe their origin to BAPCO and BAPCO has claimed no copyright in the larger universe of headings that are offered to subscribers-. Thus, the elements of selection, coordination and arrangement identified by the district court, and purportedly copied by Donnelley, as a matter of law, do not display the originality required to merit copyright protection.

Uthough purporting to consider whether Donnelley copied the original elements of selection, arrangement or coordination from the BAPCO directory, the opinion of the district court rests, at least in part, on a comparison of the. appearance of corresponding pages from both directories. Footnote 21

; For example, the court concluded that "Donnelley used a format nearly identical to that used by BAPCO" and that "although Donnelley's directory is not identical to BAPCO's directory, the material was copied and used to produce a directory substantially similar in both content and format." 719 F.Supp. at

____________________

[Footnote 19]

19. See Sem-Torq, Inc. v. K Mart Corp.,  936 F.2d 851, 854-55 (6th Cir.1991) (Copyright law does not protect "forms of expression dictated solely by functional considerations.").

[Footnote 20]

20. See Matthew Bender, 672 F.Supp. at 111 (Under merger doctrine, plaintiff could claim no copyright protection in headings used to display data regarding personal injury awards where "terms employed are the most logical and clear way of expressing the idea to be conveyed.... [and] these terms, or synonyms for them, are the only way of conveying the desired information.").

[Footnote 21]

21. A comparison of corresponding pages from the two directories, which Were before the district court as set out in Appendix C, reveals several obvious differences in typeface and graphic layout. Donnelley included different advertisements, not only in content, but also in number and design. BAPCO underlines its headings while Donnelley marks its headings with a sideways triangle. Donnelley uses a different type face. Whatever original authorship is represented by these types of presentation choices was clearly not copied by Donnelley. Further, the sales lead sheets (attached in Appendix B) produced from the ACS data base are obviously not similar in appearance or arrangement to BAPCO's directory, in which its claim of copyright was registered.

Page 10, 999 F.2d 1436, 1445

1559. The district court erred, however, by failing to consider the degree to which the similarity between the two directories was because of Donnelley's use of the uncopyrightable facts, such as name, number, address, and business type, from the BAPCO directory. Further, to the extent that this similarity of format resulted from was due to the common arrangement and coordination of the two directories into alphabetized business classifications, with alphabetized listings,under each classification, the district court erred by extending the scope of BAPCO's copyright to capture the system of organization common ,to all classified directories in the public domain. Moreover, the, other elements of format common to thetwd directories, such as the organization of listings into four columns, are also manifestly typical, obvious and unoriginal.

By comparing the overall appearance of the two directories through its comparison of the corresponding pages, the district; court effectively failed to consider whether Donnelley copied the "constituent elements of the work that are original." Feist, 499 U.S. at '', 111 S.Ct. at 1296. In the case of a factual compilation, a comparison of the copyright holder's work with that of the alleged infringer must distinguish similarities attributable to ideas, which are unprotected per se, or to expression not owned by the copyright holder, from those similarities resulting from the copying of the compiler's original elements. Footnote 22

conclusion to be compelled by section 103(b) of the Copyright Act, which directs that "[t]he copyright in a compilation,or derivative work extends only; to the material contributed by the author of such work, as distinguished from the preexisting material employed in .the: work, and does not imply any exclusive right in the preexisting material." 17 U.S.C, § 103(b). : ¦

We note that Donnelley did not copy, nor was alleged to have copied, the text or, graphic material from the advertisements-in the BAPCO directory, the positioning of these advertisements, the typeface, of the.textual material .included by BAPCO to assist the user. Unlike the' infringer in Southern Bell Tel. & Tel. Co* v. Associated Tel. Directory Publishers,  756 F.2d 801 (11th Cir.1985), Donnelley did not photocopy, or reproduce by any equivalent means, the page by page arrangement or. appearance of its competitor's directory in the process of creating its own work." Although the amount of material taken from the BAPCO directory was substantial in a purely quantitative sense, Donnelley did not, by this process, appropriate whatever original elements might arguably inhere in the BAPCO directory. Given that the copyright protection of a factual compilation is "thin," a competitor's taking the bulk of the factual material from a preexisting ; compilation without infringement of the author's copyright is not surprising. Feist, 499 U.S. at-----, 111 S.Ct. at 1289. While it may seem unfair for a compiler's labor to be used by a competitor without compensation, the We consider this Court noted in Feist that "[tjhe primary objective of copyright is not to reward the labor of authors, but '[t]o promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts.'" 499 U.S.

____________________

[Footnote 22]

22. The Second Circuit has observed: Although the test for infringement of original works and compilations is one of "substantial similarity," the appropriate inquiry is narrowed in the case of a compilation. As noted, the components of a compilation are generally in the public domain, and a finding of substantial similarity or even absolute identity as to matters in the public domain will not suffice to prove infringement. What must be shown is substantial similarity between those elements, and only those elements, that provide copyrightability to the allegedly infringed compilation.,

[Footnote 23]

23. ' ¦¦..... Key Publications, Inc. v. Chinatown Today Publishing Enters., Inc.,  945 F.2d 509, 514 (2d Cir. 1991) (citations omitted); see also Cooling Sys., 777 F.2d at 492-93 ("What is important is not whether there is substantial similarity in the total concept and feel of the works, but whether the very small amount of protectable expression in Cooling Systems' catalog is substantially similar to the equivalent portions of Stuart's catalog.") (citation omitted). ,

Page 11, 999 F.2d 1436, 1446

.at, -', 111 S.Ct. at 1290 (quoting U.S.

Const, art. I, § 8, el. 8). "To this end, copyright assures authors the right to their, original expression, but encourages others to build freely upon the ideas and information conveyed by a work." Id. (emphasis added); see also Harper & Row, Publishers v. Nation Enterprises, All U.S. 539, 545^6, 105 S.Ct.

2218, 2223, 85 L.Ed.2d 588 (1985). ;,

IV. CONCLUSION - By copying the name, address, telephone number, business type, and unit of advertisement purchased for each listing in the BAPCO directory, Footnote 23

Donnelley copied no original element of selection, coordination or arrangement; Donnelley thus was entitled to summary judgment on BAPCO's claim of copyright infringement. Footnote 24

We REVERSE, the judgment of the district court granting summary judgment to BAPCO on its claim of copyright infringement and enter judgment in favor of Donnelley on this claim.

____________________

[Footnote 23]

23. The common errors in the BAPCO, and Donnelley listings.prove only that Donnelley admittedly copied the name, number, address, and type of business from every BAPCO listing. The presence of common errors is not probative of whether the portions of the BAPCO directory copied by Donnelley included the copyrightable elements of original selection, coordination and arrangement. In Feist, the alleged infringer copied every listing from the compilers' white pages, including four erroneous listings. 499 U.S. at ---,111 S.Ct. at 1287., Because Rural copied only uncopyrightabie facts, however, the presence of Common errors was not relevant. See also Shira¦. Perlmutter, "The Scope of Copyright in Telephone Directories: Keeping Listing Information in the Public Domain," 38 J. Copyright Society.1, 5-6 (Fall 1990) ("Where, as in.Feist, the defendant has admitted copying, such evi-,, dence is simply irrelevant. Copying of erroneous or fictitious entries has no bearing on the question of whether material admittedly copied is protected by the plaintiff's copyright, and if so, whether the taking is substantial."); Alan Latman, "Probative Similarity as Proof of Copying: Toward Dispelling Some Myths in Copyright Infringement," 90 Columbia L.Rev. 1187, 1204-06 (1990) (distinguishing use of common errors as proof of copying from use as proof of substantial similarity of protected material).

[Footnote 24]

24, Summary judgment in favor of the defendant in an infringement action is appropriate where the similarity between the two works concerns .: only uncopyrightabie elements of the plaintiff's work: Aricalnst., Inc. v. Palmer, 970,F.2d 1067, , 1072 (2d Cir.1992); Warner Bros., Inc. v. American Broadcasting Cos.,  720 F.2d 231, 240 (2d Cir.1983). . : :

Page 12, 999 F.2d 1436, 1447

CER. "ICATE OF COPYRIGK REGISTRATION 0 This certificate issued under the seal of me Copyright ^ Office in accordance with the provisions of seclion 410(a) ~^j. of title 17, United States Code, attests thai copyrfghl reg{"y: istration has been madefor Ihe wonV. identified below The '-*¹ ,X ^1AJO~" ff * ~ I m information in this certificate has been made a part of the ¦ M Copyright Office records.

REGISTER OF COPYRIGHTS OFFICIAL SEAL ______ DO NOT WHITE ABOVE THIS UHE IF YOU WEED MORE SPACE. USt A SERRATE COWT.NUAT1ON SHEET 1

TTTLE OF THIS WORK » Greater Miami Yellow Pages, Volume I, A thru L, October 1984 Issue, Florida Telephone Directory, (12601) PREVIOUS OR ALTERNATIVE TTTLES »

PUBLICATION AS A CONTRIBUTION U tKti work w» publUhed at i conthbution to a periodical, Mrial, or collection, give LrUoettuSon about uSe collective work in whkti th« contribution appeared. , TW«MCaU#etl»i MM? If pubLUtwQ in a oenodica! or terial give: Volume V. ' . 2 NAME OF AUTHOR V DATES OF OIKTH AjVD DEATH , ^tw Born ? Year Died T BellSouth Advertising & Publishing Corporation W.I Ihu eonmbunor, to the work ¦ AUTHOR'S NATIONAUTf OR DOMICILE WAS THIS AUTHOR'S CONTRIBUTION TO ' ' ¦ "work made tot hire"?. Name rt Country ¦ THE WORK . ¦ E Ve. tyOTP D^° Pl^w»» I EZ WATUkt OF AUTHORSHIP Briefly'detcribe nature of th« ttuHenal coated by this author m whkh copyright it cUurwd' *^**^* Entire Text and Compilation b - ¦''¦ H"? "ISH!^ NAME OF AUTHOR T 0 Wiithucormbww 10 -h« wort * AUTHOR'S NATlONAL'lTy OR DOMICILE n v " -worlTr-.dWorKire-¹ * ' ¦ . ¦- LJ '«

NAME OF AUTHOR ? ., this «ntnbuuon re the work» AUTHOR'S NATIONALrTY OR DOMICILE MEII ? 'VM "¦ ^o ¦ NATURE OF AUTHORSHIP - Briefly describe njiturp of thr maierui created by ihis iu(hor m which copyngrtt u cLiimed, ?

YEAR IN WHICH. CREATION OF THIS PARTICULAR WORK WORK WAS COMPLETED '« Wormrton ¦" COPYRIGHT CLAIMANTtS) \jwnd jddrc^s mu^i be giv7n'*7e7.(th* eU.miin7 Be i I South' Advertising i. PubH shir.g Corporat ion 25OA:ha^.bra Circle Room 335 Coral Gables, .Florida J313M

J ¦n ipj,-i> 2, tivf i bnrA s.iitCrr,
I. ¦. ¦ C , APPENDIX A [R1-1-Exs. C & D]

REGISTRATION NUUBEX TV 4 _ AOK-. "? ^ ^ ^_ 'TX I 'rxu y "»«' °*, , *** United States of America ' ' ' ¦ . :¦ " ' ' ~ ' ~~ "~~ . '.

Nvunb«r T ^ ^ ' WM D«t( V On !"¦««« V _______________________________ ^_____________- ' .-. . :; _______ tt '*' ar*«« B *t* ICit_t;m,n. "Ti [ ___ PityAniygiou.? Q V" B No ^.Snf'" ! ' ; / ¦ "¦'^ '' ' iri__jr!!i__ DATES OF BIRTH AND DEATH WAS THIS AUTHOR'S CONTRIBUTION TO I W(WW : ' ' ' ' ¦ .

THE WORK' - rrit«v»' 10 «* s ¦ . Cinirneil ¦» . ; ________ ,____' ________ Anonymous' ' U « U ^0 & v*n* ojtoom i w¹"¹' NATURE OF AUTHORSHIP Bn*f!y d**mb* nttuwolih* miteri*! cKittd by'thi* »uihor in which cop>-nght is cUimed T . . ¦ ,DATES OF BIRTH AND DEATH . ¦ ¦ ., Yen Bom ? '. Year Died ? '' ,.

WAS THIS AUTHOR'S CONTRIBUTION TO ¦work nsidt lorhir*'¹' '¦'*<-*«Couoj-y ¦ . ¦ THE WORK ' ' -tt r« OTM< IC «««? j CHLMn of ?--------:------;-------_i^^------------------------------- Anonymoui' D Yei CU No « H*M qui«i-j«( >» ofi ! : . ' DomK.t«d ui i*-^______ '..............':-----------------------------¦- pWudonymous? Q V« Q Nd ¦ rnnrj^n, '*' ' '" ¦

DATE AND NATION OF FIRST PUBLICATION'OF THIS , muttlM/fw ONLY I :3^-0Nt'bEP0S^ R?C£ VED '¦¦-*¦ ¦'¦ 1 KANShtR If fh* cU^fndntrs; narr.ctl hcrT^ir^ ipat^. ^i^¹p¹dltft:^^r\'frc^^l th-ra.JFhor'.sL 04^'ifi ' 'o' Pf M1TTANCE NUM6©P 'AtJt> ' h A'F |*u.. .. ¦ ' "" ^

I

Page 13, 999 F.2d 1436, 1448

APPENDIX A'Continued

00 NOT WRITE ABOVE THIS UNE. IF YOU NEED MORE SPACE, USE A SEPARATE CONTINUATION SHEET. PREVIOUS REGISTRATION Has registration for this work, or for an earlier version of this work, already been made in lh« Copyright Offi«? E Y«* ? No If your answer is "Yes," why is another registration being sought? (Check appropriate box) ? Q This is the first published en of a work previously registered in unpublished form, Q This is the fust application submitted by this author as copyright claimant [3 This is a changed version of the work, as shown by space 6 on this application If your answer is "Yes," give: Pwviom Regutntian Ntunbet T

DERIVATIVE WORK OR COMPILATION Complete both space 6a i 6b for a derivative work; complete only 6b (or a compilation, a. Pivexisting Material Identify any preexisting work or works.that this work is based on or incorporates. ? ___________.October 1983 Issue____________ b. Material Added to This Work Give a brief, general statement of the material that has been added to this work and in which copyright is claimed. ' Additional Text and Editorial Revision

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REPRODUCTION FOR P«- OF BLIND OR PHYSICALLY HANDICAPPED INDIVIDUAtS check in one oi th* ^ ' ~~< >n -spies 8, constitutes a non-exclusive grant of permission lo the Library of Congress to reproduce and distribute solely for the blind andphysicalk handicapped and under the conditions and limitations prescribed bv the regulations or the Copying.".! Office (1) copies of the work identified m space 1 of this application in Braille (ot similar tactile symbols), or (2) phonorecords embodying a fixation of a reading of that work or (3) both * O Copies and Phonorecords DEPOSIT ACCOUNT If the registration fee is to be charged to a Deposit Account established in the ( opvnght Office gi\ N*ffl« ~ BellSouth Advertising & Publishing Corp. DA022233 CORRESPONDENCE Ci.e name and address to wKith correspondence about this application should be senl Name'AdOi ______ BellSouth Advertising & Publishing Corporation 250 Alhambra Circle Room 335______________________ Coral Gables, Florida 33134 CERTIFICATION* I, the undersigned, h e re bv'certify that 1 am th. oi the work identified \p ' by rne \i\ this application 3 ('%'-'"T1-I3

B MAIL llbouth Adv CERT1R0 Alhambid Certificate willb* G mailed in .ial (-ablet,, window envelope 1-425-775 FOR ? CORRESPONDENCE COPYRIGHT Yes' ' OFFICE Q USE dkposn ACCOUNT ONLY -¦¦.' FUNDS USED

Y*ai of Registration V

Places of Manufacture ? Atlanta, Georgia________________________

A signature on this form at spec 10, and a b D Copies Only c D Phonorecords Onl\

Account Number T and number of Act: ic 4 Telephone Number 1-305-529-3315 Q auiho'r Q other copyrighi claimant D Owner ot exclusive nglU's) Kl authon^d ager' of BcllSOUth Adv. & Pub . Corp.

9/27/84 Virginia Munson :

ATT!,: el tisinii Vii ^inu Munsnn & Publishm ^ Coi[j.,r i ' Signed ytxir applicantm m space Cucle Room 335 lur HO payable lu Register u< * .-JTcltJseO your cieoosu maiefiai Honda 33134 witfi me application ana lee 0

UAJL TO, Rt^gisTtw o* Copvnghls. otra'v of Coogre DC PO559 M'I409. CK rid

Page 14, 999 F.2d 1436, 1449

)*.<.?,.¦'.... :.. ¦: ::.-iis (17 I'.S.C. 70S) : CERTl. ;CATE OF COPYRIGK REGISTRATION

This certificate, issued under the seal of the Copyright Office in accordance with the provisions of section 410(a) of title 17, United States Code, attests that copyright registration has been rriade for the work identified below. The information in this certificate has been made a part of the¹

Copyright Office records. -C

DO NOT WRITE ABOVE THIS UNE.. tf¦YOU NEED MOfl£ SPACI^ USE A S^*^*TE CQKTINU AT10N SHEEi: TITLE OF THIS WORK ? Greater Miami Yellow Pages, Volume II, M thru Z, Florida .¦ Telephone Directory, October 1984 Issue (12601) PREVIOUS OR ALTERNATIVE TITLES"V

PUBLICATION AS A CONTRIBUTION If this work was published as a contribution to a periodical, serial, or collection, give information about the collective work in which tKe contribution appeared. Title of Collective Work *¦ U published in a periodical or serial give; Volume Y ~

NAME OF AUTHOR f BellSouth Advertising & Publishing Corporation Was this contribution to the work a "work made for hinTV &l' . ; NOTE ; 0=No NATURE OF AUTHORSHIP Briefly describe nature of the mate rial created by this author in which copyright is claimed. 1 UnOB'.Ihe law. Entire Text and Compilation ¦.-,''¦ 'wok made fix ' NAME OF AUTHOR ?

WAS THIS AUTHOR'S ? Yes a NO |_ NATURE OF AUTHORSHIP Briefly describe nature .of the material created by'this author in which copyright is claimed. V NAME OF AUTHOR ?

Was this contribution to the work a AUTHOR'S NATIONALITY OR DOMICILE "work made for hire"? Q Yes > . ¦ NATURE OF AUTHORSHIP Briefly describe r. YEAR IN WHICH CREATION OF THIS WORK WAS COMPLETED Thto IHomwaoo 198A fCOPYRIGHT CLAIMANT(S) Ka' and address must be given even if the claimant BellSouth Advertising & Publishing Corporation 250 Alhambra Circle . Room.335 ¦ Coral Gables, Florida ,33134, TRANSFER If the claimant*;;) named hew in space 4 are different fro ,n space 2, give a brief statement of how ihc claimantWobtained own

MORE ON BACK ? ' APPENDIX A'Continued

FORMTX UNITED STATES COPYRIGHT OFFICE REGISTRATION NUMBER¹

1-425-783

EFFECTIVE: LWE OF REGISTRATION '¦:'¦ 1,0 10 REGISTER OF COPYRIGHTS United States of America __ : ... ¦ ¦ .' ' ¦ ~ .

Number ? ¦ IMU« Date V On Pages V ~ ~

DATES OF BIRTH AND DEATH Year Born ? Year Died ? WAS THIS AUTHOR'S CONTRIBUTION TO AUTHOR'S NATIONALITY OR DOMICILE THEWORK «ine« s««.io«m "'"» * Courwy ed States" > Unit , Anonymous? Q Yes S No d ITKHO riuBW^fw ¦ . (Citizen of ?~r ^.,. . . ...-----------------------------------------------------_ Pseudonymous? Q. Yes. B'So.:' iSS**** 0 . (Domidlcdm*_ , - " . ______ .'- - ' ____________________________ "--.¦,.

AUTHORS NATIONALITV OR DOMICILE CONTRIBUTION TO THEWORK . , Narr»e of country .... , . ' . Ananyrrious? D '** U rJ<* olt i Citizen of ? _ i __ : ___ .-----:------------^_ . Pseudonymous? Q Yes Q No ' .""¦'.

WAS THIS AUTHOR'S CONTRIBUTION TO Name ot Country THE WORK it me answe* to enne ^jpuzenof*---------------------------_^_-----------. Anonymous? D Yes ? No ol these auestions is ial created by this author in which copyright is claimed. ' of then " DATE AND NATION OF FIRST PUBLICATION OF "THIS PARricULAR WORK ComftMe tht* Informrton . ^ August Oav b- '^ 27' y fc. 1984 ' Worn eaf y mu«t l>« O'v«n ' ONLY tf ttil» wort ~~~ * Yea. In ¦« c~^.

DM puWUtMd. ___________________Tim" 1 fid ^tatPS 4

DM

APPLICATION RECEIVED J,0NL DEPOSIT¹ RECEIVED ¦ ¦ WO DEPOSITS RECEIVED ogT^f? 'the'autfion,^} namfd T "Ship of the copyright ' I; EXHIBIT 1 n if I DO NOT WRITE HERE

Page 15, 999 F.2d 1436, 1450

DO NOT WRfTE ABOVE THIS UNE. IF YOU NEED MORE SPACE, USE A SEPARATE CONTINUATION SHE£T PREVIOUS REGISTRATION Has registration tor this work, or for an earlier version of this work, already been made in the Copyright Ot&e g Tto D No If your answer is "Yes," why is another registration being sought? (Check appropriate box) ? Q This b the first published edition of a Work previously registered in unpublished form. Q 1W» it the first application subtnitted by this author as copyright claimant. §3 Thi* >s * dunged version of the work, as shown by space 6 on this application. U your, answer is "Yes," give: Previous Registration Number T TX-1- 208-871^^^^^^ DERIVATIVE WORK OR COMPILATION Complete both space 6a & 6b for ' derivative work; complete only 6b for a compilation, a. Preedatiag Material Identify any preexisting work or works that this work is based on or incorporates. ? ___________ fWnhpr IQfH Issue__________ b. Material Added to This Work Give a brief, general statement of the material that has been added to this work and in which copyright is claimed. ' __________Additional Text and Editorial Revision ______________________

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MAIL CERTIFISouth Ad ert l n in,; u Publishing Corporation CATE TO Oertlficate -50 Aliiaoiorj ( lrcle. Room 335 will be mailed In Coral Gableb, Honda JJ1J4 window envelope ; : APPENDIX A' Continued .' EXAMI1

1-425-783 FOR COPYRIGHT OFFICE USE i'y(5ePOSIT ACCOUNT ONLY Ld RJNOS USED

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DA022233 spondence about this application should be sent Name AtMrcWApuGty'S'aie/Zip * ; & Publishing Corporation Circle , Room 335 give your , 33134 daytime pttone 1-305-529-3315 4 number D autho.

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ATTN: ¦ -Virginia'Munson

Cupyrtghtst * Entltjsec! your (HAIL TO RegiSW O( Copyngnis DC M559 .(I 409 0

Page 16, 999 F.2d 1436, 1451

SALES LEAD ACCOUNT ffclEPMONE NO : 305-635-2716. . HH£SSSll»«o^' >/COUffr NAME: H1VAHA UZLDIHS SU*PLXBS ______

ACCOUNT AODHF.SS: 2'63 [IS 261H ST._... i _________.

Kia»i..,. __ LIST liSIT AODRESS LIST NAME Et-EPHONE 635-2716 H»». . N* UEi-DIHG 21S3 !' 36TH ST SUPPLIES

635-2716 2163 sa 36TH ST HA VAX* HELDING surn. IF.S o., W71R 2163 Nil 36 ST i'.«VMI» HELD TUG

2163 RH 36TU ST I.JiVA*IL WELDING -I U J/.TH 5T surpLirs c:u>iT mill n n» vie,r.

HE FREE LIST WILL APPEAR AT t SUPPLIES PRINT SIGNERS NAME _

CHANGE PHONE « ALL INFORMATION IS CORRECT [_J IASE ACCOUNT HAS MOVED 3 ?'UWORTAW-W NO SAW THIS FORM MUST M COMPIETED AND RETUHNEO TO OFFICE '------Donnelley iniormanon ¦?..>(. _-._____ Nuwi n n

KXP0R1EP. 3 in H»V*N)l HELDIKG SUPPLIF? O G62 3 J 1>). H!'i ' I-,I,>. G1S-IHDUSTFL r. fir.DJCJkl."'7. CtLIKDER C BULK ;_, : - 111.77 ¦1ELDIHG EQUJ.rHE.' f.

T surrLiES if -8P ¦-.. H177 HF.LDI.U. tQUIPHE'IT f. in Y SUPPL1SS HGD*r.T »BC ifELDING oi O SISTEifS W177 >< 00 i K'- -Ill" "I" ? o l r* * IT

O a "d . SALES I D____________

SALESPERSON _ 1 _| OUT OF BUSINESS CHANGE FREE LIST HEADING

Page 17, 999 F.2d 1436, 1452

SALES LEAD JJortnellcy Information Publishing ACCOUNT TELEPHONE NO : 30,5r635-2716 1H ACCOUNT NAME: HAVANA HE1DIHG SOUEllES 2H-3 KH 36111 ST ... ............................................................

ACCOUNT ADDHESS niaai _ ¦©»¦ tsS or _____ e, ' ¦ i ____ .. _t_ Din! r.i onv J?3L ............ HEADING

____________________

[Footnote 24]

LIST NAME LIST TELEPHONE 635-2710 HAVANA WELDING 2163 SUPPLIES HAVAtiA kELDING 2163 3 U I' p1.1 r, s 635-2716 HAVANA WELDIHG 2163 SUPPLIES 635-2716 HAVANA KBLDING 2,163 635-2716 HAVANA UF.I.nil.'fi 2 1 <' 1 SUPPLIEW THE THEE LIST Wlt-L APP6AW AT HELDIW(J_BQUIPIlEMT .C.SUPPLIES - W177 CHANGE TO_____________________:___________ | _ I ALL iNFORMATION IS CORRECT 1^ ? ACCOUNT HAS MOVED [ i PLEASE EXCLUDE-DNCf 6®*A CV. W UST ADDRESS UNIT RATE Din CODE" D 36tH ST - K177 VTNE 119 .80 24. a M MELDING EQUIPHSNT f. .00 SUPPLIES BECO WELDING EQ®IIP11F.NT 36TH ST - K177 TPL MIA ¦ t¹ WELDINS EUUI?"ENT 6 SUPPLIES LINCOLK AFC HK'.DINn I EQUIPMENT » 36TH ST - W177 ABL Jifl .80 fl'IA 3 M WELDING 'l-UIIIPiiE.IT r.-' O SUPPLIES "h-4 - "0 N 35TH ST - W177 IN 11'! H VTNE .00 WELDING ELJUIPBENT ' k SUPPLI3S o N -.-11177 11 ¦ L _ . '¦> ': 1 U :¦ I?. W H ? V A Iff. KELOING SUPPHES ** ArrnhiT i 11,20 .80 flTH ?' 7 CUSTOMER SIGNATURE _ (FOH fflES LIST VERIFICATION ONI PRINT SIGNERS NAME___ SALESPERSON. | CHANGE PHONE # ____________________ | | OUT OF BUSINESS ? CHANGE FREE LIST HEADING 25. ''IMPORTANT**-* NO $AU THIS FORM MUST K COMPIHED AND RETURNED TO OFFICE

Page 18, 999 F.2d 1436, 1453

SALES LEAD ACCOUNT TELEPHONE NO 305-592-3*80 .'.' ACCOUNTNAME: ItJETALLIC giiGlNBEBIRG CORPtRt IltC,.ACCOUNT ADORESS: 5l50 IV 721D iV ____ ¦ . , ..... . .. v» « DonrteWcy Inlbrmolion Publishing v IB«235BS*««c.

PAGE Isot R 30013 . ........___ ____ EAPIIFSI CLOSE DIRECTOm __ z PI ' Din RATE CO

____________________

[Footnote 24]

TELEPHONE LIST NAME 592-J110 COBPMIT IHC 5 «« IUTI.LI.IC KI»G1«K»*I(IIIG M50 COIHC ,,2-3^0 HBT*ltIC EKOIIIBBH1IK3 5150 COHPHHT tBC 592-39H0 nr.TKhllC RUGIHIERIM 5150 COHPUNT IIIC THt tPKl LIST WILL APPEAR AT tarn. *»s»ic»tdis-- .,-¦ -..' ..'. ".-/_.¦_.. _ ______________ i'. _ .________________ ckmat TO .^ Lj *U INf OBWATION IB OOHRICT CD CHANQI I»MONS ' LIST ADDRESS HEADING UNIT n 1 1". HI A o *W 721IB «"» t/ET r-L. " 70 - BX26 11 72 H (IfTlM. n?. c rUBBICHTDRS n m c o - H»26 t9 72RD BFTUt Af F»BFIC»TCfS ll no Tin. no r«.

[Footnote 25]

25. 'W 72»D lit ¦ STSF.T. ni 7 S21H fin CUSTOMER SION*TUHE __ (fort lull US! viriiir(»ni,NOMT PRINT 9.QNEflR NAME . , _ . SAltiWWON. I _ I OUT OF 8UI.INESS

Page 19, 999 F.2d 1436, 1454

H r-¹

O

K

O td. S M ! I AirnilNt IIA1 Mnvrn T~l rH»Mnr fWr lilt lirMunn ^^l'lI^'l HI inin line 3 &3

Page 20, 999 F.2d 1436, 1455

SALES LEAD DATE 1.2 ACCOUNT TELEPHONE NO,: JOlr.kSt- 1 3 3J._, . ACCOUNT NAME: . ...JBJfXKN

ACCOUNT ADDRESS: 3*55 ¦ ».* 7 3RD HiVii ¦ mm 4

Donnelley information Publishing PAGE 3 OF ...

4

NUMBER '.__..«' * ° 8 .

EARLIEST CLOSE DIRECTORY _EL

____________________

[Footnote 25]

LIST NAME LIST ELEPHONE -:?6-l333 HC3NIAIII VALLEI 26. 'JUT 13 3455 CO ¦5 96-1333 HO:.BT.U8 VALL8Y «»TJE 3,55 CO .96-1333 CO 3455

[Footnote 26]

26. '5 36-1333 ZUK» 3^55 ,56-1333 ¦HATES riCa.lTAIH VALLEY " ?6- 13i 3 nna-uizt YJLLEY 34 55 ; ^E FREE LIST WILL APPEAR AT - w ¦ u 3 ,NGE TO . _. . _ . J ALL INFORMATION IS CORRECT | __ I CHANGE PHONE B M w **se e*c.uioe'nwr. I 1 ACCOUNT HAS MOVED I I CHANGE FREE LIST HEADING LIST AOORESS HEADING UNIT RATE DIR CODE IS ¦-.' .OU

[Footnote 27]

27. 'M 7J?!> KATES SL S 16 niA C0CL2SS S** / sr .00 H / 2/lL .60 SH 31 WAT33 C001E35 ^ / ai us .00 IS 73 50 SI I.ATEP. CO 01£53 ».9 .00 NIA mi m ' ¦ OASIS mrns COO^SPS C0«P\!lIii-2<:i7ti:C 73.B0 jr 2HS /¦ »76 .30 nit t ETC ,/ INS H'JH 4516 .60 - M1U3 -^\ $ 30LK,, .OB.A-I-.S BCNtyC f cc 7 3?.D JULK. $107 .90 CO .1?!SI S3-30?II ci sr .> 0T1L '' «7

[Footnote 28]

28. '* J.CC0I1H1 CUSTOMER SIGNATURE; ____ IFOR FfiEf LIST VEPdFlCATIOM OMtT) PRINT SIGNERS NAME ______ . _ . SALESPERSON. | _ I OUT OF BUSINESS

Page 21, 999 F.2d 1436, 1456

ACCOUNT TELEPHONE NO 3 C 5- 59 U-01 2H ACCOUNT NAME: STARS APPUAliCES diasi OHLLO ULflU "£> aPAGE OF J NUMBER "' xi ^r o EARLIEST CLOSE DIRECTORS

Yellcw Pages O »

____________________

[Footnote 28]

LIST NAME LIST TELEPHONE b9«-O12<4 STARK APPLIANCES C % -014214 STAKR APPLIANCES 50 §"* 0 4 2 Q STARR APPLIANCES STARR APTLIAHCES CQh ' nil 2 'I 59-4-0U2U STARR APPLIANCES .-..,' COM1.1NDF ) ON PAGE 2 THE FREE LIST WILL APPEAR AT CHANGE TO ¦' ______________ ¦ ______________,______________ j 1 ALL INFORMATfON IS CORRECT ! ___I CHANGE PHONE # C LEASE EXCLUDE-DNC LZ] ACCOUNT HAS MOVED LZj CHANGE FHEE LIST HEADING

[Footnote 29]

29. ''IMPORTANT**-IF NO SME THIS FORM MUST US COMPUTED AND RETURNED TO OFFICE LIST ADDRESS ' HEADING UNIT RATE DIR COI AIB COHDITICIiillG-ROOM It 200 NiJ 72dD AV int $8.00 J UN 11 S HHITE-WESTISGKCUSE BOCil AIF COUDITIOBEliS SAIES t SERVICE

[Footnote 30]

30. '4200 ,K« 721ID AV - A136 ; Ji8.no Hit BL Aia coNDnioNiifG-nocn asits - A 137 * 14 200 US. 72ND SV $18.'10 r. ' BL AIR CONDITICMKG ECOIPHEHT 6 SKS1EMS - A696 1200 ¦N« 72NO AV EL its. «'o APPL lAMCES-fibtJSKHOIDKAJCIi-DEAtlfS

Page 22, 999 F.2d 1436, 1457

SALES LEAD ACCOUNT TELEPHONE NO.: 3 0.5-S91-012-* _ ACCOUNT NAME: ..- ST*HB_»P>_L1AJ.CE.S_ l)20 Q ACCOUNT ADDRESS: .. . .M2}Jf_~j? ._! Donnelley Information Publishing UAI t ' OF PAGE ¦OS NUMBE 'ItR Yellow Pages EARLIEST CLOSE DIRECTOR1 Fl

____________________

[Footnote 30]

LIST NAME LIST TELEPHONE STABR AEPLUNCES 59-4-C-12U SIABB APPLIANCES ST.JBR APPLIANCES StAFB APPLIANCES 59'l-042t S1ABR APPLIANCES 59H-0H21 STARR APPLIANCES ) ON PAGE 3 V' \J H 1.4. I» u rf THE FREE LIST WILL APPEAR AT BANGES 6 OVENS-DEALER.; ._. _ ___DIR _ ' , . . I__1 ALL INFORMATION IS CORRECT LJ ACCOUNT HAS MOVED

[Footnote 31]

31. ?'IMPORTANT**-IF NO SA« THIS FORM MUST BE 'COMPLETED LIST ADDRESS HEAOING UNIT RATE Dlfl COI h d - »708 t200 KH 72HC JV EL 118.60 O APPLIAKCES- HOOSEHOIDBA30B-WHC1 6 IUFS - A71C It200 ,«» >2NC *V Bl i 18.eo P I » APPLIANCES-HOUSEHOLDSMALL-UHOl S BFfS - D68 t ;K200 KB 72ND JV IB! 18.00 in DISnWASIIIKG P.ACHINEStBAiEns RHITE-MESTINGHCMSE IS CISHWASHERS a SAIES S SEFVICE ¦CO r'H X ¦-..- - D68 1 U200 -KV 72NB JV BL J1S.80 DISHHASrtlNG MCHINtSDEALEKS 1200 UK 72ND JV EXfOft BtPRIStUT M1VES BL J 1R . P 0 O l U200 NW 72ND JV ' iiis '

[Footnote 118]

118. 1:0 ICE flAKIKG E'CtllEKENT © rACIIINES CUSTOMER SIGNATURE _^ ___ (FOH FREE LIST: VERIFICATION ONLY( PRINT SIGNERS NAME ___^_. ^_ . SALESPERSON. CHANGE PHONE « LJ. OUT OF BUSINESS ? CHANGE FHEE LIST HEADING AND RETURNED TO OFFICE

Page 23, 999 F.2d 1436, 1458



BAPCO Directory Pages (appearing first in each set) With

472 I ¦«¦¦-Srab '(Cont'd) Boxst'Plast'o & Tratupartnt Abit BH Ce Di»iHwi Unit«d Suui Oat Carp . . .Pliu* 5tt Our D.iplir Ad ThU Pjgi) Gift Box Co.porst.itr. Of Aimrlt* 777 NW 7IW A»---.....................-...............J613352 61UPH.C F.NJSHUtt. 4 BOX COMPANY IMC 69C8 NW «4 Si....................................................392-554:1 H.Hnft Papff Box Inc 7J00 W II.in HIK.............................................821-5601 Mtjnow l*e ' ' 114X F Onuhs Nrt , ¦ NESTIEfl CONTAINERS' To.i Ff»«-Di»l "1" t TTitu-----BOO 229-W77 M-liixwe [IK 411) Univi'tftr Court 19M73M RIYIN DISTRIBimWS ?MS NW 7fJn Av mfi 6AT*H Boiai-Sp6o!«lty & Fancy RIVERS IK PAJ*S CO 1KC ST70 MW j*ih A ---853-5221 Rd-871-MM ''' IP.MwSrt Ow Dliplty Ad Titls PH*> ¦ ¦ CWTWfNTU: DiSHJiY 4 BOX.. ¦ un&m lair w i« st Hih'-..........eas-nsi 7435 w lettA* Km-'i..:-'¦'--'-821-5531 Jtwtfry a&*1 loc 14 Of IK Av--"'372-9605 HUMt C1SAR BOX IHC . A»iMA*«niti«a¦ 2*1 SW lit* Aa f /. Let nawcomers pc* 8 M>r» 8SIGSS 6 SMJ*tBCocqualAted with you-' w 40ttst Q IncludeaU of your lines FLMIDA1NC - . ,-.. . 74S3 W »tt tm Hl« -.Southern B^II participates^

1299^2700 >. IHrCHTED «' DOMESTIC -' SPECIA1JZLNC Iff STORE -' ''AND.WJNDOWDESICNmCi CUSTOM rOUMNO BOXES] T coumra onrOiZ : ------------------------------------¦¦-¦-821-5331 - 1346 McCartir Hwy Nfw*rk NJ APPENDIX C [1SR1 -8-445, Ex. 18]

Corresponding Donnelley Directory Pages

YELLOW PAGES Boxti'Spaciatty & Fancy' Boys' Clothing & (Con I'd) Furnishlngt-Whol & Wfrt 10,000,000 In Stttli'Ft* CfUlofl Ten FrM-DHt "1" 4 Th«n-----800 Kl-0999 JEWELRY BOXES UO^^Iwi m W Fl»»l«r SI-------3I4-1H0 AMI INTIRNATJONAL MEflCHAHOtSE ' .Coiton Filled Boxes ' WHOLESALE TO THE TRADE DISPLAYS it TRAYS +000 Unrt on Di»plty DxWy ¦. "1" liTi(«-800 221-8150 '.,,,..iin Cor» 7435 W 18ih Ln Hid---------557-3121 Ryd«l Muirfictbring Corp DEALERS 7433 W 18th; U Hlii-----¦----..................557-5131 HAL HOLMYAftO MATERIALS HAKDLliSG AM Typn'Pi-utic'MttaJ'Wit Br«cni-l-i8 ¦HJ3 Sum.t D' SM.............................---667-6705 Bexts'Used Braids &ti*r*l BBXM And P I ndCapwlK Wttt JatJi St Nnx.Yort NY all FFH-OUI "i" fc Th*n---K»22>-2702 S« Our Ad W*Uh 5tr«pt h' ¦"¦ ' ' Trfmmirg SiJn Cwp '. . ¦¦ 7 Call in* A* MB.-,-:------.................532-0S91 TWH^'SI H.H---'----------'Basics T Boxes- Wooden '? .

BOUTIQUE !MC ' ' Brake Sarvle* 14 t*t ut a*-'?-"-'".".......358-45W " (PIMM'SM Our Olipl»» Ad Thlt Pagi) UNUAL BOXU AND P4LLJET! CORP Produci l> VigtUtl* Bom Only 1*77 W JJrJ Pi" M.l^'-----------------55*-0738 1050 MW Zlil St....................,......................324-102 A-l AMuratt'Autonwthrt ' . -7s*e-s" oi

Induit/UI ConUlnwi A DWisioo Of IndusUnl.

Alffliwnwt A FruMlM Bw 4 Crtlifti Cw? _ 23 Bt*«m aivd...........^-'.---541-0729 ai41 NW 7-Wd A»-'--..................T-----591-8169 !j«i ^e ma A»....................i----------'3J&Q3U *tOS NW Ttth' A» Hlh C*nln----------633-1402 [ Mathliwtj Corp 72K> NW 43M Si--5'0-0333 \m BOX 1 CMT! C8--------------'-----------~ t C Brain S4nl

M,'-O'" "¦ ¦ Mftml t\9U Ux lot 13 8ut«m Blvd'M 1-4729 . ¦' DtSTXiaUTOX IIH ft Wr«rillm B«y»' Clothing & SUNSET Farnlthlnt*'Bit»ll

EQU^MENfBlSTWBUTOMyiC ¦ - ¦ - 7301 HW «th St'---------~2W-8001 SM Stcrilim, Annaa ft Atiiitilt FWda 3101 MW 7U Av--75WW32 Aura mur Cowpwy Ine 4901 SW 8 St-448-4582

OHtF«rKMl~ ¦<.."¦+ W IS«WSLO*-Um

SERVICEQR PRODUQT7?SUITS - SPOBTCOATSJ? -M \ : , a»Ktn OUTFTfi/OI COUlBKATlOm IAB »(mk»~ SHIRTS- SUCKS"- OUTER WEAR \ mm Mil ' rm SCLInnI ' Jih Will! (jijy WAStJINQTON AV! ' UU »Erl I tOIIM BEPiS CtOIWIlM 1LIICE1 '

Page 24, 999 F.2d 1436, 1459

1458

156 BOWLING-BRASS ? BOfc-INO LANE EQUIPMENT & SUPPLIES BOB WHITE'S BOWUNG PRO SHOP 9275 Bird Road S Miami....................221-1221 BOB WHITES HOWLING PRO SHOP > BILUARD SUPPl , 1227 NE 2 Av Miami......................................374-0642 BRUNSWICK IHTEroUTHWAL UWTED 1 1320 S Dixie Hw/ Coral Gables --'665-5122 ?BOWS ?BOX LUNCHES -.......751-1127 PALACE CATERING 2211 NW 2nd SI Miami-...................54.1-SM7 ¦ WSCAFITHI 922 Uncoil, Rd. Miami Bch -.....................532-5552 ? BOX PARTITIONS SUNSH9U PACKAOMO CO 975W22StHlaHall-..................................557-5141 ?BOXES-CORRUGATED & FIBER ALTON PACKAGING CORP 6891 NW 74th St MMIev-...........888-2331 ClffiTO PACKAOMO PRODUCTS 2330 NW ii Tairaca UiaN-----------534-1000 KOUMOUSTRESMC 35!] MW SO SI Ulatni-----------------533-2555 SALEXPROOUCT8MC 61M NW 74tfi Av Uiaml'......................691-0042 SPECIALTY PAPER BOX CO 1I WO SW128m Si Miami-------------255-2700 SSUNSHMS PACKMHra CO 97} W !2 a males*'------------5674141 ?BOXIS-PAPER

DAM l>Arai AND BAO COWANY MC

HMO SW 12JH.SI MM-------------25O-27O0 WRIOHT BROS PAYBOX CO Ot> FLORIDA INC 7435 W 20th A> HUMI.---------831-5W1 ?BOXES-PLASTIC & TRANSPARENT MOOJYABO MATERIALS KANSUNQ-OIV ft 0 ! 4333 Sunaet r> uiami----------657-4703 TROPICAL PAPER BOH CO 7M0 NW 2S* SI Miami ?BOXES-SPECIALTY & FANCY comwsnu BIVUY t soi Bournui WC 38 NE 1st 814145 Mktm!---------374^673 21B0 NW 8 Av MLaml------------------324-1021 JEWELRY BWtAYKO 14 NE III Ay Miami--------------------372-SSOB ROOT MC 13« NE III SI Miami-------374-OOM 139 NE III SI Miami-------------------374-0008 WRIGHT BROS PAPER BOX CO OF FLORIDA INC 743! W 2Ctti Av Hiakttl--------431-5531 ?BOXES USED ?BOXES-WOODEN GENERAL BOXES 1 PALLETS CORP 2160NW8AV Miami------------------334-1021 ?BOXING FOR EXPORT SM Packing « Crating Sank* APPENDIX C'Continued ! 's.jB e [)3-.neile> l-io-nii t ? BRAKES-LINING-MFRS8 DISTRS AUTOMOTIVE AND INDUSTRIAL CLUTCH AND PARTS CO Hialsah--------KMDHHUVT DUTT MAKES ~ CORPORATION '* SHOCK REPAIRS EXPERT BRAK FOREIGN & DOMESTIC SPECIALIZING FREE ESTIMATE IN DISC BRAKES AUTHORIZED DISTRIBUTOR INSTANT CREDIT TO Q BRAKE SERVICE 4 EQUIP CO 323SNW41SI Miami.'-.......................635-652 » 758-7112 OR758-6912 NMlMTOMIITSflK" i OR a 9701 NW 7TH AVE. complete twx* Of ForafgnA ?BOYS' CLOTHING & BRAKE SERVICE (Cont'd) Mactuna Srtx* op«i e-dtya M-8* FURNISHINGS-RETAIL HERBIN PAMT « BODY SHOP S» Haua EifMnol 3051 SW 3Sm Ct Coral Gables-------443-6S59 BALEY MEN'S 1 BOY'S WEAR tNC "FOR INFORMATION CALL" J P'S AUTO SERVICE 137 SE ' SI Miami..........................................373-4207 1783! S Dine Hay MM...........................233-5519 CORAL AUTO PARTS WC BOY'S TOWNE JOBBERS EQUIPMENT WAREHOUSE INC 6802 SW S7IH Av S MiaTi......................-551-5354 ;?55SW3;ndAy Mliml---------44.3-118 5U0 NW 78« Av Miami..................-...........592-5730 BOY'S WORLD KENDALL FALLS AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE canfTTiiunsiiic374 Mlracia Mile Coral Gabies..................-447-1502 Frse Estlmatta-Ctrtltlad Mechanic* DORWItrS 8130 SW 129 Ter Miami..............---------253-1720 1574 vvashlrglon Av Miami Bch...............532-4061 MAW AUTO TECH INC ~VourCorvatt«eraK0H DORWIN'S MEN'S ft BOY'S SHOP Cofflp/trf* uachanhal Ssrvlcea * 1574 Washington Av Miami ach.............532-4061 4635 SW 71th Ave Miami..............................251-7627 MOAS MUFFLER « BRAKE SHOPS 303 SW La Jeune fld Mtsml...443-9022 ?BRACES-ORTHOPEDIC ' ham Wheel Bear** Ktta NEW WORLD COMING MECHANIC SM OrthOpwilo ApptlancM CWOK OUB LOW PUCES 7124 NW 2nd Cl Miami-----------754-3064 NORTON TIRE COMPANY ? BRAKE SERVICE UM MMM Uiaml.....................................572-5353 CORVETTE BRAKES WC NORTON TIRE COMPANY MC 4041 HW agin si mm '»TI-3M! »' 1 ACCURATE AUTOMOnVB Airpon 720S NW » St Miami--------593-1191 17MB S »io Hwv Miami-------------230-73-55 8690 Bird Rd kl-imi-------------------552-5555 ?BRAKES-MFRS A A4 A AUTO WORK WC 9G0I S Dixie Hwy Miami---------------557-7575 9092 NW 3 Diver Dr Medley-----------857-5776 1700 NE 163nt 81 N Miami Bch------945-7454 AMERI TIRE CORP DISTRS « I!/5W«*S1 MlHettl5222B00 PIMM SM Ol» Ad Thie P» 8701 NV»7lhAva Miami----------754-7119 NQ0T1M TIB SEMVR.S C&ntHI BMW 1 RAT AUTO REPAIR MO REASON'S OARAQE 7339 NW 91 Sveet Miami------------453-109S 201 9 Dtde HvvvMliml---------------.445-«055 D«AXBSEB«CE» EQUIP CO ROOOLFCS AUTO REPAID 3235 NW 411I Miami-------------------630"6aai WC HURT > CHAALEYV ENODW RSBU.UWIS (47 SW 9 SI Miami---------------------895-94112 730ONWJMA* Miami-''~7B1-4413 SUNSET EOUMENT CEHTOU. DEALER H3TRBUTORS MC S4SSW8SI Miami-----------.-----5W-72M Moat MHor Cratd Canla Aooeplad mnmiuusme ------------"Whan To Call" NORTON TIRi CO MC "tour Covaaa Bralis Heatiquartare" 7l!i HW BgiKlAw'------------593-7040 ' Wt Manuteture a Inatnl 73G7 NW 8th SI Miami-----------------2644001 * WhoMan/Retau TW CAMARO HACIMIVBION OP flUBY* ?BRASS MC 27DS NW 17 AveuM Miami------5354935 VALES AUTO SCRVICES ASHOKA .NTERNATIONAl. MO 1S41 AT40SI HaKrafl-----------------521-1231 CHECK OUH LOW PWCCS VESA SPJUffl WC B8S1 SW 40 St Miami------------------551-9555 VE(U BRAKES MO CORVBTTE BRAKES WC 2865 NW 17 Av Miami-----------------533-S6S7 W«I OitOSObiaHwy Miami. ?BRASS DECORATIVE ECONOMY AUTO SERYXS ' e«0SW47SITMI MLaml-------------2234W71 ACCESSORIES-RETAiL ?BRAKE SERVICE ERtOraOERMAN CAR REPAIR MC S83ISWI29SI Miami'------''233-3191 EQUIPMENT BHA83 DfSttWSi MO "* ' M1fl \mW*k*d-'»-!...........374-494 EUREKA DENERATOR1 RADIATOR 17060 S Me Hvvy Miami--------------3S1-4522 JEFFS BRASS MO AMMCO TOOLS SERVICE FIRESTONE STORES HV OF FIRESTONE 13925 SW 140* St Miami-------------2534771 12100 SW 117 Coat MUnH-------------2S2-107 TflU.5 RUBBER CO REnaADEW SUPPLY COMPANY MC ¦ DUmnl 7201 SW (8th SI Miami'5S7-45M ?BRASS PRODUCTS 7332 NW 7» Terr MiamiB57 itll SW I37IK Av Miami-------------4SB-1M7 nOrjESIhSI Homaatawl--------------247-2544 ?BRAKE SHOE B0NDIN6 ASHOKA INHTHNATIONAL WC 1S«« AJton Rd Miami Bdl--------------536-2747 6431 NW eSnd Aw Miami'592-148 20701 s Dble Hn Miami....................'233-7S41 EXCHANGING FRANirS AUTOMOTIVE MC AWARD MAKBI ON THB CORDDI 10441 SW 185m Ter Penlne-----------2514005 »Ne.i»».a.M^-------r*)M" OOODYEAR TIRE ' RUBBER CO THE 17110S Naia HUf MLjml-------------S53-4704 ''SOTS* HAmunOARAOE 5791 Commerce Ln MlamJ------------.5514031 EUROPAWOoffDESK J»1BNW72Avt Mlm CHECK "HOURS OPEN FOR ~ Miami BUSINESS" IN THESE YELLOW PAGES ' BUY THE EASY WAYUSE THE YELLOW PAGES ESK

Page 25, 999 F.2d 1436, 1460

mgl ©¦B«ll8»nth Aa»ort.«.ni 'i. WiHm.lwC.ilWti.MI IBM t Marin -( 6R0VE KEY - -*1NA---------^;- "I". *¦" ON BISCAYNE BAV' -" «®6VBH|J, IN COCONUT lj , ' -MY STORAGE jr ^ , BOATS TO^y wired >nd ootdde stonge j 1

Do-n-Yourxtf Wqrtt Area A FULL SERVICE MARINA r > OFFICE GROVE KEY MARINA Harbour West Apartments And Yacht Cl«b 7910 Weit Or H Bay Vtj----------------754-8258 W-UFTMARISU L FULLY ENCLOSED , IN i. OUT STORAGE TO 30 FEET FULL'SERWCE MARINA SALES-SERVICE-STORAGE ^ PARTS & ACCESSORY SALES "FOR INFORMATION^CAIL".:

International Yachting 629 N£ 3rd St DanJi Fl-Mia Tel No-374-2119 Key Marina See Our M IMerBarttflolojIsti .; 3501 RldcentMCta-'Cfwy Key BIK'-341-9505 KEYSTONE MtNT MARINA INC 1950 NE 135th it.........'........940-6236 (Pt*a» See OurJHtplay Ad Page 1396) MARIKA BfSCAYHE IHC-------------------------- W«, Rack, Trailer Stonge A FUU. SERVICE MARINA 1 Chevron .Diesel * Gat¹ ~ 3301 Rlcktrihacfctr Cwy K«y Blie--361-I9QO Marina 84 I Salev-Seg 3000 State Road S4 Ft Lauiten)al« Miami Tel No-947-3108 MAULE LAKE MARINA INC 17201 BlJeayne BM NM8------..............945-520B MIAMARINA "'"' I K? ^T T , See Our Display Ad MIAMI BEACH MARIWAT

MKU Be ocean %tl ' Dockaje ' f i '' ' an Storage ' Short Fiihing Trips ' Sailing ' Diving ' ' Boat fienuls ' Fuel Pump: <¦ tiiah Speed ' Bait ' Ice ' Beverages 4 Food , ....--673-6OW L" fHien- 800 87a-6666 m? r Key'Marina MOT Pan American Dr................. MONTY TRAINER'S MARIHA 2560 S Bajfsnife Dr Aft * PM l Miami 8f*ch MarJna 300 Alton Rd MB-673-6000 S?'""""'"²"" 579-6980 After NEW W 854te * PM all..................... NEW W0RU) MARINAS INC Mlamarina Ssyfrortt Park---..................... (Pleas* See Ouc Display Ad Pag Ocean Safari Marina Key Largo----------------Miami Tel PALM BAY CLUB THE 1 Palm Bay Ct-------- -- _^ Park Short Marine Sales & Service I' 17501 6 caynt Blvd.....................-'Pelican Harbor Marina Inc 1549 NE 110 Sf.............................................. Perdue Di>an Marina Ocean R»ef Club ' 258 2983

374-4900 PIRATES SPA MARINA 8701 SW z4Bth St Hom^tead F1PLAZA VENETIA MARINA ^55 NE ism St.....................-..................... PLAZA VENETIA RESIDENTIAL 555N£15lhSt WIK

7930 Ejist Dr Harbor Island N Bay V\q.....................................................754 2200 Snapper Creek Marina 11190 Snapper Creek Rd- 6610505 SUNNY ISLES MARINE CENTER 400.Sunny Isles Blvd--------.............*-947-0656 (Plea^E See Our Display Ad Page 1396) 1459

APPENDIX C'Continued .Marinas'Marine 139? AREA CODE 305

Ssa Batteritt'Storagi Marine Contractors

I** STATELICENSED MARINE '"^ & GENERAL CONTRACTORS ' 1 rV New ConnmciJon tc Repam NEW CONSTRUCTION & REPAIRS ¦ ' Concrete Reiloriljon ' Inipcctiooi Dock! ' Palio Dtcki .Hoint 'iComirierdal Diving ¦ .",' " Ocean Eoglneeri 3350 SWJrdAv FtUJIe-.......................945-4^37 AMERICAN DAVITS CORP : -----'7 NW 63 St-.......................-.......................592-56T3 CPIease'See Our -Display Ad Pag* 1391 ATLANTIC FOtmttTION CO INC ' 2950 NE lB8ttl St........................................931-4800 Backus Howard W ToWIng Inc See Our Ad Towlm'.Mann.

1201 NW S River Or..........................................324-4242 BATES & DALY CO DOCKS ' D CONfTRyCTigN OCKS SEAWALLS , ' BOAT HOISTS ; ' PILERESTORATION 7 5 0

WRIGHT

SEAWALL N . E . 7 8 "OVER 25 YRS EXPERIENCE"

State Licensed Marine Contractors T E W ' PILING WORK ' DOCKS ) (WOOD ' CONCRETE «SEAWALLS ' ' ' " . -SHEET STEEL) REPAIRS (DOCKS/SEAWALLS) .,," LITTLEBIVER Sea Wall R*pa Shotcr I 1600 SW 13th Ct Pctnpara

751-9911 i Tel No~949-0022 Boat Lifters Inc £.450 W McNab Rd Ft Ldle-'--------971-0670, '(Please S« Our Display-Ad Page 1398) Bunnell Fwodatton Inc ^,,f~.

617 E Z4tfiSt Hth------...................------835BO80 CoaitalDiwrs Ine' 13S1NW.143 5t------681-8445 DEHMAfi MARINE CONTRACTORS INC-----------1 Docks ' Seawall ' Filing " Concrete, Wood i. Steel 6773 Catfe D*l Paz N--------------391-0B92 22233- Ho.lybocfc Xt----------------366-2865 j DOCK & MARINE COMSTftUCTION " ¦50 HE-78 Ter---~~7 ~-......................751-9911 {Please See'Our Display Ail This Page) Dredge Ecorwmir Inc )27O0 8i cayne Blvd NM ' i---------893 9824 EBSARY FOUNDATION CO 2154 NW H River Dr--------------------325-0530 Ion da Marine Construction 3660 NW North R ver Dr..............................634-5774 C W MARTIN INC""----------------------------------' Stact Licensed Mar And General Com. ' Foundation Piling and Drill Shaft IK" to 13 Dia LpTo200 D-pth ' Pocks &. Piers Fibergla , Tnrb«f, 696-9454 'Cable \nd Pipeline ]n talUtion And Rcn-iit't>ntr Salvage, Survevs, Seanh i Rectnen *TO«IHK Barges, C ran« To 150 '' Tons And Rci lal E(|iii|.mci t dm nip; So theasi I S And D4DE COUM J GW MARTIN INC 4120 NW Oak Cir B Rtn-----------945-5720 Listings of this classification are continued on next page

Page 26, 999 F.2d 1436, 1461

> |*iURdPE*N WlUX it FLOOH TILE - ITALIAN MARBLE ai;!! V C: ¦,'; -;:"'>-'',»IEXICAM.SALTIU.O ' FAR EAST MOSAICS '-'... .1-..«i Bi :i :V t»*;.COMPLETE UMEJOFTOOLS » SETTING MATEniAL.t^ ; \jf.0 A B THE WAREHOUSE ' ' . .-.' HOLLYWOOD .5" ¦" -j*B MW jM AV~- LAUDEMtti. v', '"SMOfiODMAK'BT" '¦ *''¦»¦¦-¦¦" ¦ ¦ --¦ BOCARATON' 79*0233 WEST PALM BEACH 734-fttOi ttsinnritsstiiiEisiit ¦SiTllfll'WW'Wwwwwo'ifiV s & TILE INC. PtlMA MARBtE CO .."¦'¦ :'¦¦<''.. 'S445NKV2rKi:A» Miami------~-75M461 SAHTA ROM BABBLE " ¦ " ' 3400 NW !7» Q Miami -^-¹- M1-jr*4 SANTA ROSA MARBLE 305 W 21st $t Hialeah-n^~-------8874355 SUPERIOR MARBLE 4 TILE INC PIMX S«s OUT Ad Thto Ptgi 55M.NE 4lh, Court Miami-'^751-0001 TILE KARTMC .'.;¦¦ .', ...» 1020SE Hft SI HUeah------------«^9804 THOPICAL TILE t MARBLE DtSTRBUTORS INC 9950 NW 77 Av Hialeal.--------823-2360 ?MARBLE-NATURALWHOL&MFRS DECORATIVE t__'. 926 26!h Si W Palm Belt rrALFLO0RS4JSA (HC 4220 NW2fK)Avenue Miam-----------, IV Im MARBLE & TILE CORPORATION OF AMERICA 13195 NW 38fti Av Miami-------------763-B303 ?MARINAS BISCAYME BAY MARINA ; , 1633N Bayshore Dr Miami -'374-4900 BOAT FAST SERVICE INC 4575.E lOih Cl Hialeah'--'-----------687-1270 C HEHNANDE2 MARINE ¦\ 1080 E 2ath St Miami------------------691-6657 CAUSEWAY $EVENTY-NME MARINA .- T24NE79SI Miami............¦'...................-757-7671 ¦ OADE COUNTY OF . 1 ^75 NE 79lh St Miami Bch-r 947-3525 -------------------YOU CAN SHOP AT HOME ... EASILY AMD COMFORTABLY ... BY THUMBING THROUGH THE YELLOW PAGES .

APPENDIX C'Continued

MARBLE-MABIHE - INSURANCE WORK CONSULTANTS ! 333MitaiarlnaDt:Hlar»fS#3 JALUBAYCUIBTHE iJ-.-ist^ .-.,..'¦'. .it IPataBayCtUiaml'''¦ '751-7100 PEUCAN HARBOR MARINA MC ; lMSDEttOSIMIafti-------------^'^J PUZA VENETIAnesroeNTlALAPABTllENTS ¦55S tit IStti St Miami-'-'-''374-S700 . POLAND YACHT BASM .'a^.-.'tj'.'